The Isfahan Nuclear Technology Centre, located south-east of the city of Isfahan, is Iran's largest nuclear research complex. It also houses a uranium conversion facility where natural uranium is converted into material that could be enriched in the country's two uranium enrichment facilities in Natanz and Fordo.

In February 2023, the IAEA reported having found uranium in Iran enriched to 84%.

The Fordow plant was constructed at a depth of 80–90 m under the rocks. According to the Institute for Science and International Security.