The Iran–Israel war is an ongoing armed conflict between Iran and Israel, supported by the Houthi movement in Yemen and the United States respectively, which began on 13 June 2025 when Israel launched surprise attacks on key Iranian military and nuclear facilities.

Iran and Russia are strategic allies and form an axis in the Caucasus alongside Armenia. Iran and Russia are also military allies in the conflicts in Syria and Iraq and partners in Afghanistan and post-Soviet Central Asia. The Russian Federation is also the chief supplier of arms and weaponry to Iran.

It is the sixth-largest country in Asia and one of the world's most mountainous countries. Iran is officially an Islamic republic, divided into five regions with 31 provinces. Tehran is the nation's capital, largest city and financial centre. Islamic Republic of Iran. جمهوری اسلامی ایران (Persian)