Iran has been a staunch supporter of both Lebanon and Hezbollah against Israel. The official Lebanese government has several agreements with the Iranian government, which includes energy cooperation.

The Iran–Israel war is an ongoing armed conflict between Iran and the Houthis against Israel and the United States that began on 13 June 2025, when Israel launched a surprise attack targeting key Iranian military and nuclear facilities.

Hezbollah, an Iran-backed Shi'ite Islamist group, has carried out multiple anti-American attacks, including the 1983 U.S. Embassy bombing in Beirut (killing 63, including 17 Americans), the Beirut barracks bombing (killing 241 U.S. Marines), and the 1996 Khobar Towers bombing.